Sport

Breathe the pressure

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Come play my game, I’ll test ya…

Prodigy – Breathe

So sang the Prodigy and even if Keith Flint seems more than a little bit crazy, he perhaps has a point. 

Even under pressure, we still have control over our breathing. Very often, when stressed, we tend to hold our breath slightly, the effect of which is to change to vital gas balance in our blood stream. 

Respiration is one of the only autonomic functions over which we can have conscious control, and also the one that has the most profound effect on our physiology and mental state.

With controlled breathing comes situational control, the ability to mentally step back, assess the problem, be it a run, workout or stressful issue at work and regain focus. 

One of the fastest ways to control your breath under load is wheel breathing, where you follow an inhale / exhale cycle as though blowing a wheel around, no pausing, no flat points. Instead, you consciously become aware of a smooth, slower, deep pattern that starts to bring everything else back under control. 

Even a few cycles mid workout will pay huge dividends, so if in doubt, breathe. 

Why walking in their shoes will give you new insights.

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To understand someone better, it is said that we need to walk a mile in their shoes.

This is perhaps a little extreme but as with many statements, there is a lot of truth buried in there.

Walking in their shoes, or at least picking them up and looking closely at the wear patterns, both inside and out, will tell you much about the person’s interaction with the world. Do they currently have a prescription orthotic, or some form of insole? How has the outsole worn? Are both sides worn in the same way? Can you see the way the foot turns and loads inside the shoe?

By observing and considering the information provided, it can be possible to start gaining a better insight into how the person moves and hence any potential issues they may be adapting for.

If necessary, stand up and attempt to physically mimic their movement, and what leads them to that positioning.

Feeling it in your own body can be an eye opening experience and one that may hugely enhance your own practice.

Food- more than just fuel. 

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What we eat has a huge effect on how we perform. 

Not just in the balance of macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat) but in the way each food affects us. 

We all know about food allergies, apparently increasingly common, where the person has a massive and rapid negative reaction to a specific item but there are some other ways what we eat influences our performance. 

One of the most important is the potential inflammatory response from consuming items that our body reacts to. This is known as a non IgE mediated reaction and are more commonly treated as food intolerances.  Because of the delayed onset, between 4 and 48 hours after ingestion, they are difficult to isolate. This also makes the effect harder to observe using standard clinical blood tests.

However, this background reaction can significantly effect not only every day life but athletic performance as well, due to the generalised inflammation it can cause. 

The most common reactive agents are: 

  • Dairy
  • Grain
  • Seafood
  • Nuts
  • Soya
  • Egg
  • Nightshades (tomato,aubergine,peppers etc)
  • Alcohol 

If you suspect that this is something you are dealing with, the safest way to detect these reactions is to follow a medically supervised exclusion diet under an experienced doctor so that they can help guide you towards avoiding the substances in question. 

Here’s why your six pack won’t make you a better runner. 

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Most core exercises are a waste of time. They will not make you a better athlete. In fact, they could be slowing you down and creating injuries. 

Why? Because for athletic performance in any discipline, one of the most important functions is the ability to connect your upper and lower body effectively and efficiently without shortening your front. 

The function of the abdominal muscles is to link upper and lower body, provide stability to the lumbar spine and pull the rib cage down during certain motions. 

A short anterior (front) from too many crunches or planks will reduce your hip mobility, create an unwanted curve in your back and reduce the power you can produce. 

To overcome this, by all means do your stability and integration work, preferably under professional guidance to give dynamic feedback but then lengthen and mobilise the front again (for example cobra stretch or warrior poses if you have no spinal or other issues). 

By having a long and fluid front, to work with a strong back, you’ll be closer to optimising your performance and breaking that PB. 
And of course, if in doubt, seek guidance from an experienced professional. 

Stability and Mobility

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Picture a runner on the track, an image of power ready to be released at every stride. If we were to snapshot them mid activity, we would see that:

  • The foot, as it contacts the ground, needs to provide a stable platform
  • The ankle, resting on the foot, requires dynamic mobility
  • The knee, for optimal power transfer, requires both mobility in the ankle below it and the hip above.
  • The hip, being a joint with a high potential range of motion, should be mobile enough to support the function of the knee below and the pelvis / lumbar spine above.
  • The pelvis and lumbar spine, one of the biggest force transfer areas in the body, needs a high amount of stability.
  • The thorax responds to load and stress by restricting, when a more fluid movement pattern would benefit
  • The scapula, floating over the potentially stiff thorax, becomes unstable as a compensation
  • The shoulder joint itself, due to posture and poor use, will be restricted
  • The lower cervical spine may become unstable as a response to the restriction in the thorax
  • Finally, and balanced on top of the stack, the head and upper cervical spine stiffens.

Looking at the above list (initially drawn from the work of Gray Cook) it is possible to see why, if one area is not functioning as optimally as we might like, the areas around it will adapt their own function to compensate, which can eventually lead to the risk of injury.

As athletes and professional practitioners, we can help reduce this risk by reversing the process with a well considered mobility and strength training plan, allowing us help the areas that don’t move and should, as well as strengthening the unstable zones.

From a practical perspective, it is generally faster and more effective to get a restricted area moving successfully, since it tends to respond more positively, as well as naturally allow the unstable areas to relearn their correct function,

It can therefore be recommended that we focus on:

  • The ankle, using ankle circles, calf stretching and getting any old twists or sprains reset
  • The hip, by stretching the glutes, lengthening the hip flexors and ensuring the joint is well aligned
  • The thorax, needs three dimensions of movement, flexion, sidebending and rotation
  • The shoulder, the most inherently unstable joint in the body, often needs professional assessment to ensure it is not guarding a hidden injury to the joint, and can be helped by improving the function of the internal and external rotation most effectively

By improving the range of motion in these, we can support dynamic development in the rest of the body automatically.

Running it off does not work

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Each week, we see a number of runners and increasingly gym based athletes, who have had an injury for a while and have tried to train through it.

This never works for a number of simple reasons:

  • Unless it was a non traumatic injury, it will have happened due to a chronic issue somewhere, which needs to be addressed before the problem resolves fully
  • If it was traumatic, there will be a knock on effect, which can get worse if you attempt to train through in any way that loads the injured area
  • Training through, even if it does not dynamically load the injured place, demands modifications in your form and movement patterns, which can cause injury later on

The best approach instead is to use the PRICE principles and book in to get it checked by a professional, who is used to working with athletes.

PRICE:

  • Protect: Avoid loading the injured area and strap or support it if you do need to move
  • Rest: Cut back on your workload and give it some time to heal properly
  • Ice: If acutely injured, cold treatment can help reduce the swelling and pain
  • Compression: A simple bandage may help reduce the swelling and pain, particularly in joints
  • Elevate: By raising the effected area to level or higher than the heart, the chance of swelling is reduced, helping the body heal more effectively

Whether you’ve tweaked an achilles, strained your knee or have a chronic lower back problem whenever you run over a certain distance, don’t just ignore it, pop a pill and carry on, call in and get it resolved quickly and effectively.

Total body circuits for injury detection and prevention

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There are a few simple exercises that, if carried out correctly, can help prevent injury in other areas of training by allowing you to spot where and when you are weak.

Amongst my favourites are:

Kettlebell swings. Preferably a full range of motion. http://www.catalystathletics.com/exercises/exercise.php?exerciseID=251These work pretty much everything and can be used for strength, conditioning, warmup, incredibly useful.

Turkish getups. http://www.catalystathletics.com/exercises/exercise.php?exerciseID=255 They look simple but demand huge range of motion and coordination of all the major joints to be successful.

Single arm overhead squats. http://www.catalystathletics.com/exercises/exercise.php?exerciseID=236 Another all over body exercise which will make everything fire in the correct sequence.

Dead hang pull ups http://www.catalystathletics.com/exercises/exercise.php?exerciseID=39

Mountain climbers, just to finish off http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1J4hRICVjRo Focusing on maintaining a stable trunk throughout the movement.

By doing these as a circuit, ensuring good form at all times, they should prepare you for any other, more focused gym work or training you wish to do. Or, if you’re time compressed, just doing a 10 minute of a few of them (not everybody has a suitable pull up station in their home) will bring huge benefits.

One of the best resources for improving mobility is Mobility WOD, which has hundreds of excellent videos for fixing all the areas you may feel are restricted.

And if in doubt, come and see us for a full assessment of the issues.

80:20 Revisted

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With the forthcoming release of Dr Kelly Starrett’s new book, I have been reconsidering the advice we tend to offer injured (or preferably non injured) athletes. Dr Starrett (a Phd physical therapist) offers practical and applicable advice on injury prevention and recovery, stating that if you cannot perform basic functions safely (squatting, stretching etc) then you need to sort them out before you try running.

These days, with web access virtually ubiquitous in the western world, there is a surfeit of information available at our fingertips. The difficulty is in discerning what works and what doesn’t. With the rise of athletic “biohackers”, who promote tips and tricks for small percentage improvements, finding the signal amongst the noise is even harder.

For most of us, performance improvement comes down to three simple things.

  • Optimise Nutriton / Diet
  • Train efficiently
  • Recovery / Sleep

Dr Starrett covers much of this in his excellent book Becoming A Supple Leopard and reviews indicate he will cover this in the running guide.

Breaking down the above bullet points, optimising diet means ensuring you eat cleanly and sensibly most of the time, getting a suitable balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, with plenty of micronutrients. Nothing clever or fancy but by not doing this, you are ensuring that your body is not going to operate effectively. This is the base upon which all the others stand, mentally and physically.

The part we all think about is the training aspect. We plan, prepare and put in the hours and miles to attempt to achieve our goals. But are we doing it in the most efficient manner? Could we save time by cutting out junk miles or hours in the gym, since more is not always better. Is there such a thing as a recovery run, or easy workout? Would that time be better spent with friends and family, which might help improve our mental state, or doing mobility work (as described by Dr Starrett)?

This ties in to point 3, recovery and sleep. Do you recover enough? Are you waking refreshed and ready to go each morning without needing an alarm or two? There is no set formula for this since the factors involved in recovery are complex, including external stressors, but by tracking basic biomarkers (resting heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO2) etc) and personal reflection, we are able to observe how our bodies are responding to the load we place upon them. If your resting heart rate is elevated and your SpO2 depressed then you are simply not recovering from the load. Another simple test is to attempt to create a change in your heart rate during a training session. If during a run or ride, you cannot easily elevate your heart rate by increasing pace or effort, then there is a possibility that you are neurologically as well as physically tired and as such, backing off would be advised.

Some people are beginning to use heart rate variability (HRV) to track their stress and recovery. Like many tools, this gives a view into the workings of the body, in this case the autonomic nervous system, which can be used to explore the effect training or stress is having. Many researchers and doctors have shown that there is a link between low variability and mortality from a number of causes but these are measured using ECG over a long period of time (24 hours), especially after an acute myocardial infarction. Some work is being carried out with regards to the use of HRV to track physiological changes due to stress and training and although this appears to be useful over long term measurements, such that trends can be visible, it appears to be a back up to the other measurements and as such, outside of the 80% rule of most efficient use of resources.

To conclude, eat to meet your nutritional needs, train efficiently and recover effectively. Then start making the 20% changes.

Unlock your potential

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What would happen if you could:

  • Train more effectively
  • Recover faster and more efficiently
  • Heal from injuries quicker
  • Maximise your resilience

It would unleash your performance in every area of your life. You would have more time to spend on relationships, work or play, achieve more when competing and have less noise in your head when the time comes to focus.

The secret? To get out of your own way. Most of us are held back by learned patterns, old injuries and poor habits, trying to do more and more with less and less. Restrictions in one area reduces the body’s capacity to deal with stress in others. A tight hip will shorten your stride and overload the achilles, a stiff upper back will drop your maximal squat, restricted shoulders will limit your press or swim stroke. Mentally, stress at work will reduce your ability to make solid nutritional choices, family concerns will eat into your training mindset, anxiety will limit your performance at competition time.

If you can figure out what is restricting you, then removing those blocks can make huge differences.

Each persons blocks are different. Physically, look first at the ankles, hips and thoracic spine. Any old injuries, scarring or tissue changes (tight, weak, short) can affect the rest of the body in many ways. Can you perform the basic movements (push, pull, bend, squat, lunge etc, cleanly and pain free?)

Another physical issue is not listening when we need to rest, by ignoring the subtle clues in our physiology. Is your resting heart rate elevated, are you feeling more fatigued than normal for this workout, is your nervous system tired? (This can be tested via heart rate variabiity apps and simple biomechanical tests). Are you sleeping sufficiently? Once those areas are cleared, look at specific areas related to your sport or discipline and optimise your strengths and minimise the weaknesses, a process that will take a lifetime of self observation.

Mentally, we are always fighting against the patterns and habits picked up from everyone around us. Fear that we are not training hard enough can lead to overtraining, learning not to listen to the inner voice of weakness during a difficult moment, belief in an internal monologue that tells we are not good enough, often imposed by others, copying or competing with our training companions when we should be backing off.

By reading the cues, listening to ourselves and seeking the support and expertise of professionals, you can unlock your true potential in every domain.

Power, paths and chains

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I have been thinking about simplifying stretching processes around exercise. Not when trying to repair or prevent injury but as a general mobilisation. Out of this, it is possible to spot a couple of patterns that are easy to follow, cover all the major muscle groups in the body and allow us to achieve the most benefit from our stretching time.

The body has an anterior and posterior chain (originally and well described in the work of Tom Myers), as well as the basic or prime moves.

By combining the basic requirements for movement (flex / extend / rotate) in all joints together with chain connections (it is possible to open up and stretch the whole body very smoothly.

Starting with the spine, we need to create flexion, extension, rotation and sidebending, focused on the articulation of the intravertebral joints rather than faking apparent range of motion with the peripheral limb movements. Hands on opposite shoulders (crossed in front of chest) and turn spine left and right, then flex forward (from the diaphagm) and arch back. Finally sidebending both directions to finish the moves.

For the front chain, step into a open lunge, keep the pelvis neutral (most important), extend the opposite arm as though stretching the chest and turn the upper body in the same direction. You should feel a gentle tension across the whole line. If you are unable to sustain this, it can be split into sections but needs to be considered part of the whole. The sections being kneeling lunge for upper body to pelvis and quad stretch for lower body. Repeat both sides, of course.

For the back line, a sitting figure 4 stretch (foot into opposite knee and lean into straight leg) covers most of the groups.

Finally, lie on your back, pull your knees up so knees and hips are comfortably angled, then let them drop to one side so that the glutes are stretched, together with the back chain. This can be amplified by putting the opposite arm out and stabilising the upper body.

Of course, these are best demonstrated in a clinical situation, so that they can be tuned to your body, however by paying attention to both your attention and intention, then good results can be acheived.